超微血管成像结合TI-RADS鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节

目的 探讨超微血管成像（SMI）技术结合2017年美国放射学会甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的价值。方法 首先以常规超声根据TI-RADS将179例患者的甲状腺187个结节分为TR 1~5类，之后结合SMI技术调整TI-RADS分类；通过ROC曲线确定最佳截断值，比较两种方法的鉴别诊断效能。结果 校正前TR 1~5类别实际恶性率分别为0、0、5.00%、37.74%和64.29%。经SMI校正后分别为0、0、5.56%、23.26%和66.36%。校正前敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为75.00%、66.02%、64.29%、76.40%和70.05%，经SMI校正后分别为86.91%、64.08%、66.36%、85.71%和74.33%。校正后的AUC（Z=-2.616，P=0.009）和敏感度（Z=-1.988，P=0.047）均高于校正前。结论 SMI技术能显示甲状腺结节内穿支血流，与TI-RADS结合可提高诊断甲状腺结节的效能。     

Added value of mass characteristic frequency to 2-D shear wave elastography for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules

Mass characteristic frequency (f_mass) is a novel shear wave (SW) parameter that represents the ratio of the averaged minimum SW speed within the regions of interest to the largest dimension of the mass. Our study objective was to evaluate if the addition of f_mass to conventional 2-D shear wave elastography (SWE) parameters would improve the differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Our cohort comprised 107 patients with 113 thyroid nodules, of which 67 (59%) were malignant. Two-dimensional SWE data were obtained using the Supersonic Imagine Aixplorer ultrasound system equipped with a 44- to 15-MHz15-MHz linear array transducer. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated based on a multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the ability of SWE parameters with/without f_mass and with/without clinical factors to discriminate benign from malignant thyroid nodules. The addition of f_mass to conventional SW elasticity parameters increased the area under the curve from 0.808 to 0.871 (p = 0.02). The combination of SW elasticity parameters plus f_mass plus clinical factors provided the strongest thyroid nodule malignancy probability estimate, with a sensitivity of 93.4% and specificity of 91.1% at the optimal threshold. In summary, f_mass can be a valuable addition to conventional 2-D SWE parameters.     

超声造影与增强MRI对高分化肝癌和异型增生结节的诊断

目的探讨超声造影与增强MRI对高分化肝细胞癌和肝异型增生结节（DN）的诊断能力。 方法回顾性收集2012年1月至2018年12月在复旦大学附属中山医院同期行超声造影和增强MRI检查并获病理学证实的39例患者的39个高分化肝细胞癌病灶和7例患者的8个DN病灶，分析其超声造影和增强MRI表现特征。采用χ²检验，计算Kappa值，比较2种检查方法的诊断一致性；绘制不同检查方法的受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线，分析其诊断效能。 结果2种诊断方法中，69.2%（27/39）的高分化肝细胞癌的动脉期表现一致（Kappa=0.482），53.8%（21/39）的高分化肝细胞癌的延迟期表现一致（Kappa=0.168）。DN病灶在超声造影的主要表现呈“等增强-等增强”模式（87.5%，7/8），增强MRI主要表现为“高信号-低信号”模式（62.5%，5/8），所有DN病灶在超声造影延迟期均未出现廓清。超声造影、增强MRI、超声造影联合增强MRI（同时满足或只满足一种）4种检查方法中，超声造影联合增强MRI（只满足一种）诊断高分化肝细胞癌的敏感度（66.7%）和准确性（61.7%）最高，而超声造影诊断高分化肝细胞癌的特异度（100%）和ROC曲线下面积（0.658，95%CI：0.482~0.834）最高。 结论超声造影联合增强MRI有助于高分化肝细胞癌和肝DN的鉴别诊断，而超声造影具有更高的诊断特异度。     

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-guided FNAB) was performed in 40 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) for evaluation of diagnostic results and complication rates. The final diagnoses of the 40 patients included 30 malignancies and 10 benign lesions. Using US-guided FNAB, the diagnostic yields were 97% (29/30) in malignancies and 60% (6/10) in benign lesions. Of the 29 patients with cytologically proven malignancies, 12 underwent surgical resection. The correlation between cytological results and histologic diagnoses in these 12 was excellent (100%). The size of the nodule did not affect the diagnostic rate or complication rate. Only two patients (5%) developed minimal pneumothorax after US-guided FNAB. We conclude that US-guided FNAB is a useful, safe, and convenient diagnostic tool for SPN, and that malignant pulmonary nodules are more easily diagnosed than benign nodules. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的CT表现及其病理相关性

目的探讨原发甲状腺淋巴瘤CT表现与其病理的相关性,以提高术前确诊率。方法回顾性分析13例经病理证实的B细胞来源的非霍奇金甲状腺淋巴瘤CT图像进行观察,对其病变的位置分布、形态、边缘、密度、强化及周围侵犯的情况进行统计并探讨与其病理类型的相关性。结果弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤表现为:双侧叶弥漫性肿大3例、单侧叶弥漫性肿大型2例、局灶结节型2例;密度均匀减低4例、不均匀减低3例;界不清6例、界清1例;7例均强化不明显或轻微强化;颈部淋巴结受累4例、累及颈部周围软组织1例。粘膜相关淋巴组织B细胞淋巴瘤表现为:甲状腺弥漫肿大1例、局灶结节3例;界清与界不清各2例;4例密度均匀、强化不明显且均未见颈部淋巴结或周围软组织受侵。粘膜相关淋巴组织B细胞淋巴瘤大细胞转化型表现为:双侧叶、单侧叶各1例均呈弥漫性肿大,界不清;密度均匀减低1例、不均匀减低1例;1例颈部淋巴结受累,2例强化均不明显,未累及周围软组织。结论甲状腺淋巴瘤的CT表现常表现为甲状腺弥漫性肿大、界清、平扫呈稍低密度、强化不明显、颈部淋巴结受累等,不同病理类型的甲状腺淋巴瘤CT表现有一定差异。     

CDFI与超声造影联合检测对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值

【目的】分析彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）与超声造影（CEUS）对良恶性甲状腺结节的超声诊断特征,为其鉴别诊断提供参考。【方法】回顾性分析本院2013年6月至2015年9月手术治疗的132例甲状腺结节患者超声诊断资料,以术后病理结果为金标准,观察良恶性结节内CDFI显示的血流形态、血流丰富程度,CEUs增强模式和增强强度特征;比较两种方法单独诊断及联合诊断的准确性。【结果】CDFI显示良恶性甲状腺结节血流形态及血流丰富程度比较差异具有显著性,良性结节血流形态以Ⅰ／Ⅱ型为主,血流丰富程度以0～1级居多,而恶性结节血流形态多为ⅢjⅣjV型,血流丰富程度多为2～3级（P〈0．05）;CEUS显示良恶性甲状腺结节增强模式和增强强度比较差异具有显著性,良性结节增强模式多为环状周边增强,增强强度多为稀疏增强,而恶性结节增强模式以弥漫性整体增加居多,增强强度多为高增强（P〈0．05）;TIC曲线定量分析,良性甲状腺结节AT、TTP、△I参数高于恶性甲状腺结节,但IPI、PPI、8参数低于恶性甲状腺结节（P〈0．05）。CDFI与CEUS联合诊断准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值均高于单独诊断。【结论】良恶性甲状腺结节CDFI特征较明显,但微小病灶的鉴别诊断有一定难度,CEUS可提高血流检出率,二者联合具有较高的临床价值。     

腔内超声探头在甲状腺介入性超声中的应用价值

目的探讨腔内（阴道）超声探头在甲状腺介入性超声中的应用价值。方法对16例患者分别进行甲状腺局部注射药物、组织活检及囊肿介入性治疗,均使用腔内超声探头实时引导,未用穿刺架。结果所有操作均顺利完成,甲状腺和穿刺针都能清晰显像,术中疼痛较轻,无其余不适,术后均未见出血、颈部不适等不良反应。结论腔内超声探头具有体积小、频率高、视野宽、操作灵活、工作效率高的优点,非常适合于引导甲状腺的介入性操作,值得推广应用。     

孤立性肺结节胸腔镜术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位的价值

目的探讨孤立性肺结节术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位技术对胸腔镜手术的增益价值。方法收集行胸腔镜手术切除孤立性肺结节患者共92例,其中术前行三维CT引导下钩丝定位者37例,未行定位者55例。回顾性分析术前钩丝定位对胸腔镜转为开胸手术的几率、平均手术时间、平均住院时间的影响,并对其差异进行统计学分析。结果术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位成功率100．0％,定位操作时间平均（11．5±7．2）min,并发气胸及出血发生率为56．8％（21／37）。钩丝定位后胸腔镜转为开胸手术的几率为5．4％（2／37）,平均手术时间为（21．7±8．0）min,平均住院时间为（9．5±3．5）天。未定位直接行胸镜手术,转为开胸手术的几率为29．1％（16／55）、平均手术时间（45．9±10．4）min,平均住院时间为（14．1±4．5）天。分别进行X。检验和t检验,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义。结论术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位技术安全、准确,降低了转为开胸手术的几率,缩短了胸腔镜的手术时间和住院时间,对于孤立性肺结节胸腔镜手术具有很好的增益价值。     

Partially Cystic Thyroid Nodules: Ultrasound Findings of Malignancy

Objective

To seek for the ultrasound (US) findings of partially cystic thyroid nodules that are associated with malignancy.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the US characteristics of 22 surgically confirmed partially cystic papillary carcinomas, and compared them with those of 80 benign partially cystic nodules. The review cases were selected in a random order from a total of 1029 partially cystic nodules that were diagnosed with an US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy over a period of 8 years (June 2003 to October 2010) at our institution.

Results

In partially cystic thyroid nodules, a taller-than-wide shape (100%, p < 0.001) and spiculated or microlobulated margin (58.3%, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with malignancy. In terms of internal solid portion of the nodule, eccentric configuration (68.0%, p < 0.001), non-smooth margin (81.3%, p < 0.001), hypoechogenecity (30.0%, p < 0.042), and microcalcification (89.5%, p < 0.001) were more frequently demonstrated in malignant nodules than benign ones.

Conclusion

In partially cystic thyroid nodules, understanding the characteristics of US findings is important to make a precise diagnosis of malignant nodules.